1. What should you do to help a casualty (who is not breathing) if you do not want to perform the rescue breaths?

• Start chest compressions
  
• Wait till some-one else who knows CPR arrives
  
• Call an ambulance and wait till they arrive (whilst monitoring the casualty)
  
• Place victim into recovery position, and ensure airway remains unobstructed.

2. Which of the following statements relating to duty of care is incorrect?

• Once you have a first-aid certificate, you are required to help anyone in need
  
• You do not have to help unless you have a duty of care to the individual
  
• Once you start CPR, you have a duty of care to continue assisting the person unless circumstances prevent this or the casualty starts breathing.

3. Which of the following methods is NOT recommended for treating a bleeding casualty?

• Rub ice on the wound
  
• Apply pressure
  
• Elevate bleeding limb
  
• Apply bandage to secure pressure

4. Which of these actions are in the correct order to follow if you find an unconscious casualty in a park?

• Check for response, check airway, check for danger
  
• Check for danger, check breathing, check airway
  
• Check for danger, check for response, check airways, place into recovery position and monitor breathing
  
• Check for danger, check circulation, check airway

5. When should you take precautions to prevent the spread of infection?

• Only when there is blood present
  
• Only when there is any body fluid present
  
• Only when the casualty looks like a drug user
  
• Every person should be treated as potentially infectious

6. Which of the following statements is correct in regards to helping reduce the risk of cross-infection from a casualty?

• Wear gloves
  
• Use a cpr mask when performing CPR
  
• Wash hands after assisting a casualty
  
• All of these are correct

7. Which of the following techniques will help prevent a needle-stick injury?

• Wear gloves when there is a needle nearby
  
• Place any needles in a plastic bag for disposal
  
• Place syringe in a solid container, such as a plastic bottle, and secure lid, contact local council or authorities
  
• Attempt to re-cap the syringe to prevent an injury

8. Select the condition that matches the signs and symptoms listed:

• Shortness of breath, wheezing sounds, chest pain = Asthma
  
• Central chest pain radiating to neck, jaw or arms = Heart Attack
  
• Inability to make a noise, unable to breathe = Choking
  
• Shallow breathing, dizzy, chest pain, rapid but weak pulse = Shock

9. How often should you update your CPR qualification?

• Every year
  
• Every 2 years
  
• Every 3 years
  
• Updating is not required

10. How often should you update your "Provide First Aid" qualification?

• Every year
  
• Every 2 years
  
• Every 3 years
  
• Updating is not required

11. When is consent implied?

• If the casualty is unconscious
  
• If the casualty is bleeding
  
• Consent is always implied
  
• If the casualty is suffering a heart attack

12. Which of the following is NOT a typical symptom of a casualty in shock?

• Anxiety
  
• Rapid, weak pulse
  
• Raspy cough
  
• Pale, clammy skin

13. How hard should compressions be done during CPR?

• As hard as possible for adults, a little softer for infants
  
• Hard enough to compress the chest 6cm
  
• Compress half of the chest depth
  
• Compress one-third of the chest depth

14. Which of the following is a danger sign of a casualty choking?

• Inability to make verbal sounds
  
• Bluish skin or lips
  
• Weak, ineffective cough
  
• All of these are signs of choking

15. What is the correct method for treating a choking casualty?

• Administer Heimlich manoeuvre
  
• Administer 5 chest thrusts
  
• Administer 5 back blows, then if not cleared, 5 chest thrusts
  
• Begin CPR immediately

16. When treating a bleed, what should you do if the pad becomes soaked with blood?

• Remove pad, place another dry one in its place
  
• Remove pad, wash area, then replace with new pad
  
• Do not remove pad, leave it as it is
  
• Do not remove pad, place another pad firmly on top

17. Which of the following is true of arterial blood loss?

• It is generally bright red, and is slower than venous loss
  
• It is generally bright red, and is faster than venous loss
  
• It is generally dark red and slower than venous loss
  
• It is generally dark red and faster than venous loss

18. How should you manage an embedded object in a casualty’s arm?

• Do not remove object. Apply padding (donut bandage) around the object, then use compression bandage to secure bandage/padding and prevent bleeding
  
• Remove object immediately to prevent infection, place compression bandage over wound
  
• Raise limb and place compression bandage over object
  
• Any of these methods is acceptable

19. Which of the following is NOT generally a sign of internal bleeding?

• Rigid, tender abdomen
  
• Blood in a casualty’s vomit
  
• Difficulty breathing
  
• Dry cough

20. What is the correct treatment for a nose bleed??

• Lean casualty forward and pinch hard part of nose
  
• Lean casualty forward and pinch soft part of nose
  
• Lean casualty's head back and plug with tissue
  
• Lean casualty's head back and pinch hard part of nose

21. Match the correct definition to the provided descriptions.

• A series of documents providing guidance for treatments within Australia = Australian Resuscitation Council (ARC) guidelines
  
• A legal obligation for those who choose to provide first aid to act responsibly and to the best of their ability = Duty of care
  
• ‘Good Samaritans’ and ‘volunteers’ have no duty of care to rescue (only the Northern Territory has legislation requiring rescue by any person). = ARC guideline 10.5
  
• A practical guide to achieving the standards of health and safety required under the model WHS Act and Regulations. = Model code of practice
  
• Any emergency care, such as treatment and assistance, provided to an injured or ill person before any professional medical services arrive. = First Aid

22. Which of the following would be considered the most likely sign of a severe asthma attack?

• Unable to speak more than a few words in one breath
  
• Persistent cough
  
• Wheezing
  
• Dizziness

23. Which of the following is the correct treatment for a casualty suffering an asthma attack?

• Administer 4 puffs from brown inhaler with 4 breaths per puff, then readminister after 4 minutes if no improvement
  
• Administer 4 puffs from blue/grey inhaler, one at a time with 4 breaths per puff, then readminister after 4 minutes if no improvement occurs
  
• Call an ambulance immediately and have casualty suck on ice until paramedics arrive
  
• Administer reliever medication through a spacer, if no spacer is available do not administer inhaler, and call an ambulance

24. Which of the following are signs / symptoms of a heart attack?

• Dizziness, pale, fatigued
  
• Central chest pain radiating into neck, jaw and/or arm, shortness of breath, pale, sweaty
  
• Chest Pressure & tightness, aching sensation, nausea
  
• Sweating, confusion, dizziness, possibly aggressive

25. How do you treat a casualty that is having a heart attack?

• Call 000, lay casualty on ground, raise legs
  
• Call 000, begin CPR immediately
  
• Call 000, keep casualty comfortable, follow DRSABCD
  
• Call 000, give aspirin and nitro-glycerine tablets/spray

26. Which is the correct method to treating a casualty who is bleeding from the scalp after a head injury?

• Apply direct pressure to the wound
  
• Lay casualty on ground, with wound facing downwards
  
• Apply wet towel to head and call 000
  
• Check if wound is spongy, and if not, carefully apply light direct pressure

27. Under what circumstances can you pass on information about the patient (in relation to privacy and confidentiality requirements)?

• Only to medical staff taking over the care of the patient.
  
• To anyone who asks
  
• No information can be passed on to anyone other than the patient.
  
• All patient details should be recorded and made available on request.

28. After providing first aid, which of these may be needed and effective?

• Stress management techniques
  
• support from friends and/or family
  
• a few "drinks"
  
• professional counselling
  
• workplace support systems

29. When providing CPR, what procedure should be used to ensure the upper airway is clear?

• Tilt the head back, with patient laying on their side
  
• Tilt the head back, with patient laying on their back
  
• Tilt the head forward, with patient laying on their back
  
• With patient on their side, scoop any obstructions from the mouth

30. Which of the following are signs or symptoms of hypoglycaemia (low blood sugar)?

• Sweating, fainting, confusion
  
• An abundance of energy
  
• Excessive thirst and urination

31. How should you treat suspected hypoglycaemia (low blood sugar)?

• Call an ambulance immediately
  
• Offer casualty sugar, such as a soft drink, juice or jelly beans
  
• Help them take their insulin

32. Which of the following can indicate damage to the brain after a head injury?

• neck pain
  
• A cut on the forehead
  
• Loss of consciousness

33. If the casualty seems fine after a significant head injury, what should you do??

• Monitor them closely as symptoms may be delayed
  
• Leave them alone, they will be fine
  
• Get them to the hospital immediately or call an ambulance

34. It is safe to leave a child with medication as long as it has a safety cap.

• True
  
• False

35. If poisoning is suspected you should…

• Induce vomiting straight away
  
• Give casualty plenty of water to dilute the poison
  
• Contact the Poisons hotline and follow their instructions

36. True or false? As body temperature decreases in hypothermia, shivering will eventually stop.

• True
  
• False

37. Which should you do when managing severe hypothermia?

• Give casualty a hot drink
  
• Rub any areas of frostbite thoroughly
  
• Remove any wet clothing

38. Which of the following is an acceptable reason to stop performing CPR?

• You physically cannot continue
  
• It becomes too dangerous for you to continue
  
• An ambulance arrives
  
• Each of these is a valid reason

39. What is the correct compression to breathing ratio for CPR??

• Adults 30:2, Infants 15:2
  
• Adults 15:2, Infants 30:2
  
• 15:2 for everyone, regardless of age
  
• 30:2 for everyone, regardless of age

40. What do you do if a casualty has sprained their ankle?

• Rest, Ice, Compress and Elevate the ankle
  
• Have the casualty walk the sprain off
  
• Place ankle in a bucket of ice till the swelling reduces, then strap firmly

41. Identify how you would treat a casualty who has internal bleeding?

• Lay the casualty down, and if the breathing becomes difficult, perform a tracheotomy
  
• Lay the casualty down with head raised, call an ambulance and monitor (DRSABCD) till ambulance arrives
  
• Lay the casualty down with feet raised or knees bent, call an ambulance and monitor (DRSABCD) till ambulance arrives

42. How should you care for a person who is having an epileptic seizure?

• Stay calm, keep track of time, remove objects out of the way and let the seizure run its course.
  
• Carefully restrain the casualty to ensure they do not hurt themself or others (ask for help if needed)
  
• Stay calm, keep track of time, and only restrain the casualty if the seizure lasts for more than 5 minutes

43. How would treat a casualty who has dislocated their limb?

• Quickly pop it back in, because the longer it is dislocated, the more likely it will cause significant injury to blood vessels and nerves
  
• Sit the casualty down, try to elevate the limb (if possible), apply ice and get medical assistance
  
• Apply a pressure bandage to the dislocated limb, ice and elevate. Call for medical assistance

44. How would you treat a casualty with a fracture?

• Immobilise, elevate (where possible), assess and treat other injuries, then call for help
  
• Do not move the casualty, call 000 then wait for an ambulance
  
• Tightly apply a pressure bandage to the fracture to hold it in place, apply ice to the area then call 000

45. What is the correct sequence of steps in the Chain of Survival?

1. Early recognition and call for backup
   
2. Early CPR that emphasises chest compressions
   
3. Rapid defibrillation if indicated
   
4. Early advanced life support
   
5. Integrated post-cardiac arrest care

46. Which phone number(s) can be used to request an ambulance in Australia?

• 000 from landline or mobile phones
  
• 112 from any phone, anywhere
  
• 911 from any phone
  
• 112 from any location within any mobile service area

47. Which 2 of these actions may best assist you to check for consciousness in a possible unknown patient (laying down, eyes closed)?

• Wave your hand in front of them
  
• Call them by name
  
• Squeeze their shoulder or arm
  
• Ask them questions

48. What is/are the correct hand position(s) for performing CPR?

• Place two fingers on the lower half of the breastbone in the middle of the chest of an infant.
  
• All of these are correct, depending on the age/size of the casualty
  
• Place rescuer’s hands to encircle the chest and use the thumbs to compress the sternum of an infant.
  
• Place the heel of one hand on the lower half of the breastbone, in the centre of the person’s chest. Place your other hand on top of the first hand and interlock your fingers.
  
• Place the heel of only one hand on the lower half of the breastbone, in the centre of the person’s chest.

49. If a patient presents with itching,nausea/vomiting and swelling around the mouth, what is the most likely cause??

• An allergic reaction
  
• Asthma attack
  
• Influenza (flu)
  
• Anaphylaxis

50. Which of the following are common signs or symptoms of asthma?

• Wheezing
  
• Coughing
  
• Tightness in the chest
  
• Shortness of breath
  
• Difficulty talking
  
• Dizziness
  
• Disorientation
  
• Unconsciousness

51. Identify the two locations where the AED pads should be placed on adults and children above eight years of age. ??

• On the bare chest below the right collar bone
  
• Below and slightly to the side of the right armpit
  
• On the bare chest below the left collar bone
  
• Below and slightly to the side of the left armpit

52. Identify appropriate user Maintenance Procedures for AEDs

• Immediate replacement of AEDs pads when they have been used.
  
• Replacement of consumable items in line with expiration dates
  
• Regular inspection of AEDs, to check for faults.
  
• All of these are correct

53. Match the treatments for these different burn types

• Run under cool water for 10 to 20 mins until the pain eases = "Normal" Burn
  
• Take a cool or lukewarm bath or shower. Use paracetamol or ibuprofen to reduce pain and swelling, and Drink plenty of water. = Sunburn
  
• Soak the affected area in warm, not hot, water for 20 minutes. = Ice Burn

54. Identify four indications of a drowning victim

• Unconscious with mouth in or under water
  
• Vomiting
  
• Their arms and legs move as if climbing a ladder
  
• Panic
  
• Swimming quickly and easily

55. Identify three Signs and Symptoms of envenomation.

• Severe pain and bite marks on the skin
  
• Blurred vision or blacking out
  
• Labored breathing
  
• Excessive thirst
  
• All of these apply
  
• Dizziness

56. The Pressure Immobilisation Technique (PIT) can be used to treat bites and stings from which of the following??

• venomous snake
  
• funnel Web spider
  
• blue-ringed octopus
  
• cone shell
  
• bites from Other spiders
  
• jellyfish
  
• scorpions
  
• centipedes

57. A Cold Compress can be used to treat bites and stings from which 4??

• Spiders such as Red Backs
  
• Big Black Spiders (eg Funnel-web)
  
• Irukandji
  
• wasps
  
• scorpions
  
• Blue-ring octopus
  
• bees/hornets

58. Vinegar should be used for treatment of stings from??

• box jellyfish
  
• Irukandji
  
• Tropical jellyfish
  
• Spiders
  
• Snakes
  
• Bluebottles

59. Hot water should be used for treatment of stings from which 4??

• bluebottles
  
• nontropical jellyfish
  
• stinging fish
  
• sea urchin
  
• scorpion or centipede
  
• snakes
  
• redbacks and smaller spiders
  
• tropical jellyfish

60. When treating an eye injury you should??

• Remove any irritants by flushing with running water
  
• Keep the eye open while flushing
  
• Remove any embedded object
  
• Ask the patient to rub their eyes
  
• Apply eyedrops

61. Hyperthermia can be triggered by which 4 of these?

• Infections
  
• Excessive cold conditions
  
• Insufficient fluid intake
  
• Hot & humid environments
  
• Wearing excess/inappropriate clothing on hot days

62. Indications and signs of a sharps injury could include?

• sharp object protruding from the wound
  
• an open skin wound
  
• Pain from the affected area
  
• feeling of being pricked in the affected area
  
• All of these are possible indication & signs

63. Which is correct first-aid for heat exhaustion?

• Give the casualty as much water to drink as possible, as quickly as possible
  
• Massage any heat cramps
  
• Offer small sips of water, cool casualty by removing excess clothing and heat source

64. Indications of a stroke include?

• Facial muscle and/or arm weakness
  
• Confusion
  
• Difficulty talking
  
• Numbness in face, arms or legs
  
• Talking rapidly

65. Fill in each blank space with the missing answer??

Identify basic anatomy / physiology and how it affects the provision of CPR for the following:

(Please answer adult, child or infant for each of these statements)

• Chest can withstand significant force - adult
  
• Chest is very small. Structurally, it cannot withstand much force exerted on it - infant
  
• Chest can withstand some force, but how much more force depends on the actual chest size - child
  
• Use just one hand for CPR compressions - child
  
• Only use two fingers for CPR compressions - infant
  
• Use two hands for CPR compressions - adult

66. Once you have completed a first aid course you should provide any medical service that is needed

• True
  
• False